Posts

Showing posts from 2025

effects of Lipton yellow label tea on hypertension

Image
Lipton Yellow Label tea, which is a type of black tea, can have a positive effect on hypertension. Here's a breakdown of the key points: Flavonoids and Polyphenols : Lipton Yellow Label tea is rich in natural compounds called flavonoids and polyphenols. These antioxidants are believed to play a significant role in controlling and treating hypertension. Blood Vessel Relaxation : Research suggests that consuming tea, including black tea, may help relax blood vessels, widening them and contributing to lower blood pressure. Reduced Risk of Heart Disease and Stroke : Regular consumption of black tea has been associated with a reduced risk of heart disease and stroke, partly by improving blood vessel function and reducing blood pressure. Lowering Cholesterol : The flavonoids in black tea can also help reduce LDL ("bad") cholesterol levels, which further supports heart health. Antioxidant Properties : The antioxidants in Lipton Yellow Label tea help protect cells fro...

Types of Anemia and hematology parameters

Image
iron definicy anaemia (microcytic hypocromic anaemia) ⬇️Hb ⬇️RBCs ⬇️Hematocrit ⬆️ESR ⬇️ MCH, MCV  ⬇️Transferin saturated ⬇️Feretin ⬆️total iron binding capicity Megaloplastic anaemia (macrocytic normochromic anaemia) ⬇️HB ⬆️ESR ⬇️RBCS ⬆️MCV Normal MCHC No reticlocyte  Hemolytic anemia (Normocytic normochromic anaemia) ⬇️HB ⬇️ RBCs Normal MCH, MCV  G6PD  (Normocytic normochromic anaemia) ⬇️Hb ⬇️ RBCs  Presence of heinz bodies Precense of bite cells Thalassemia (microcytic hypochromic anaemia) ⬇️HB ⬇️ RBCs  ⬇️ Hematocrit  ⬆️ESR Sicle cell anaemia (Normocytic normochromic anaemia) ⬇️HB ⬇️ RBCs  ⬇️ Hematocrit  ⬆️ESR Presense of HBs in electrophorses Presense of sicle cell on microscope Polycycemia ⬆️HB ⬆️RBCs ⬆️ Hematocrit  ⬆️Platelets ⬆️WBCs ⬆️uric acid ⬆️histamin ⬇️ESR

Beetroot and hypertension

Image
Beetroot has shown promising effects on lowering blood pressure, making it a topic of interest for managing hypertension. The primary mechanism behind this effect is its rich content of dietary nitrates (NO3). Here's a breakdown of how beetroot affects hypertension: 1. The Nitrate-Nitrite-Nitric Oxide Pathway :  * Dietary Nitrates (NO3) : When you consume beetroot, the nitrates are absorbed in the gut.  * Nitrite Conversion : In your mouth, bacteria on your tongue convert these nitrates into nitrites (NO2-).  * Nitric Oxide (NO) Production : These nitrites are then absorbed into the bloodstream and can be further converted into nitric oxide (NO) in the body, particularly in conditions of low oxygen or acidity.  * Vasodilation : Nitric oxide is a powerful vasodilator. This means it helps to relax and widen blood vessels. When blood vessels are relaxed, blood can flow more easily, which reduces the pressure exerted on the artery walls. 2. Effects on Blood P...

What is Pacemaker?

Image
A pacemaker is a small device that's placed under the skin in your chest to help control your heartbeat. It's used to help your heart beat more regularly if you have an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), particularly a slow one. Implanting a pacemaker in your chest requires a surgical procedure. Types of pacemakers- Depending on your condition, you might have one of the following types of pacemakers. Single chamber pacemaker .-  This type usually carries electrical impulses to the right ventricle of your heart. Dual chamber pacemaker -  This type carries electrical impulses to the right ventricle and the right atrium of your heart to help control the timing of contractions between the two chambers. Biventricular pacemaker -  Biventricular pacing, also called cardiac resynchronization therapy, is for people with heart failure with abnormal electrical systems. This type of pacemaker stimulates the lower chambers of the heart (the right and left ventricles) to mak...

𝐂𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐋𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭𝐬: 𝐖𝐇𝐘-𝐁𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐅𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐬 𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐌𝐋𝐓 𝐒𝐭𝐮𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐌𝐮𝐬𝐭 𝐊𝐧𝐨𝐰...

Image
1. Why is EDTA used in CBC tests? EDTA prevents blood from clotting by binding calcium, ensuring accurate cell counts. 2. Why is fasting required before a lipid profile test? Food intake can temporarily raise lipid levels, so fasting ensures accurate results. 3. Why is Ziehl-Neelsen stain used for Mycobacterium? Its waxy cell wall retains carbol fuchsin even after acid-alcohol wash. 4. Why is centrifugation used in clinical labs? To separate blood into plasma, serum, and cells based on density. 5 . Why is heparin used in arterial blood gas (ABG) tests? It prevents clotting without affecting pH or gas composition. 6. Why is urine collected midstream? To avoid contamination from external genitalia and ensure accurate analysis. 7. Why should hemolysis be avoided in blood samples? Hemolysis alters values like potassium, LDH, and can ruin test results. 8. Why are blood samples stored cold? To prevent breakdown of chemicals and preserve sample integrity. 9. Why is sodium fluoride...

𝗙𝗟𝗨𝗜𝗗 𝗢𝗙 𝗖𝗛𝗢𝗜𝗖𝗘

Image
1. Diarrhea → Ringer’s Lactate (RL) Rationale:   🔴Diarrhea leads to loss of both water and electrolytes, especially bicarbonate, causing metabolic acidosis.   🔴RL contains lactate, which is converted to bicarbonate in the liver, helping correct the acidosis.   🔴RL also closely resembles extracellular fluid, making it ideal for volume replacement. 2. Vomiting → Normal Saline (NS) Rationale:   🔵Vomiting causes loss of hydrogen ions (HCl) from the stomach, leading to metabolic alkalosis.   🔵NS (0.9% NaCl) helps restore chloride and sodium, which helps the kidneys excrete bicarbonate, correcting the alkalosis. 3. Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS) → Albumin Rationale:   🟡HRS is a functional renal failure in advanced liver disease.   🟡Albumin, a colloid, expands plasma volume and helps improve renal perfusion by increasing oncotic pressure, especially when combined with vasoconstrictors. 4. Sepsis → Crystalloids...

Ag Registrar/CEO of MLSCN urged staff to recommit to the Council’s core values of integrity, professionalism, and service

Image
Dr. Donald Ofili, Acting Registrar/CEO of the Medical Laboratory Science Council of Nigeria (MLSCN), has urged staff to recommit to the Council’s core values of integrity, professionalism, and service. He made this call during his first official meeting with staff, held today at the Council’s headquarters in Abuja.  Dr. Ofili emphasized zero tolerance for corruption, extortion, and indolence, reminding staff that all payments must be made through the Remita platform, with no cash handling by staff. He also stressed the importance of staff welfare and capacity building to enhance productivity, and announced plans to strengthen zonal offices to improve visibility and public trust. “Let us build a Council stakeholders can trust. Let integrity be our watchword and our compass,” he said. Credit: MLSCN on X 

Staphylococcus aureus

Image
1. Gram-positive cocci, in clusters. 2. Catalase +, Coagulase + (differentiates from other staph).   3. Golden-yellow, beta-hemolytic colonies.   4. Grows on mannitol salt agar (ferments mannitol).   5. Virulence: Protein A, coagulase, hemolysins, enzymes.   6. Toxins:      - Enterotoxin – food poisoning      - TSST-1 – toxic shock      - Exfoliative – scalded skin   7. Diseases:      - Skin (boils, impetigo)      - Systemic (pneumonia, osteomyelitis, endocarditis)      - Toxin-mediated (TSS, food poisoning)   8. MRSA: mecA gene → PBP2a → resistant to beta-lactams.   9. Treatment    - MSSA: cloxacillin      - MRSA: vancomycin/linezolid   10. Normal flora of nose, skin, causes hospital infections. ---

FG Appoints Ofili MLSCN Ag. Registrar/CEO

The Federal Government of Nigeria has appointed the mist senior director in Medical Laboratory Science Council of Nigeria (MLSCN), Dr Donald Ofili, as the Acting Registrar/CEO following the death of Prof Tosan Erhabor. In a Press Release with a title: FG Appoints Ofili MLSCN Ag. Registrar/CEO  dated 28th April, 2025, states that Dr Ofili has been overseeing the council affairs since the passage of Prof Tosan Erhabor, and added that the letter conveying Dr Ofili's appointment was approved by the Minister of state for Health and Social welfare, Dr Iziaq Adekunle Salako on behalf of the Federal Government. The Press Release stated in full bellow: 28th April, 2025 PRESS RELEASE FG APPOINTS OFILI MLSCN AG. REGISTRAR/CEO Dr. Donald Ofili, Deputy Registrar and most senior Director in Medical Laboratory Science Council of Nigeria, has been appointed the Acting Registrar/CEO of the agency. Dr. Ofili has been overseeing the affairs of the Council since the passage of the late Registrar/CEO, ...