Lipid Profile Test

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1. Objective:
The objective of the test was to measure the concentration of different lipids in the patient’s blood, including total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and VLDL cholesterol, to assess cardiovascular health and lipid metabolism.

2. Principle:
The test was based on enzymatic colorimetric methods in which specific enzymes reacted with lipid components to produce a colored complex. The intensity of the color, measured spectrophotometrically, was directly proportional to the lipid concentration in the sample.

3. Materials:
• Patient’s serum sample
• Cholesterol reagent kit
• Triglyceride reagent kit
• HDL cholesterol precipitating reagent
• Spectrophotometer
• Micropipettes and tips
• Test tubes
• Centrifuge
• Incubator or water bath
• Personal protective equipment (PPE)

4. Procedure (Microscopic):
1. The patient’s fasting blood sample was collected and allowed to clot.
2. The sample was centrifuged to separate the serum.
3. For total cholesterol: Serum was mixed with cholesterol reagent and incubated at the specified temperature; absorbance was measured at the appropriate wavelength.
4. For triglycerides: Serum was mixed with triglyceride reagent, incubated, and absorbance was measured.
5. For HDL cholesterol: Serum was treated with a precipitating reagent to remove LDL and VLDL; the supernatant was tested using the cholesterol method.
6. LDL cholesterol and VLDL cholesterol values were calculated using the Friedewald formula.

5. Result:
The lipid concentrations were obtained in mg/dL and compared with reference ranges. The results indicated whether the lipid profile was normal, borderline, or abnormal.

6. Uses:
• To screen for cardiovascular disease risk
• To monitor lipid-lowering therapy effectiveness
• To assess metabolic disorders
• To help in the diagnosis of hyperlipidemia or dyslipidemia

7. Consultation:
The patient was advised to consult a physician with the report. If abnormal values were detected, lifestyle modifications, dietary changes, or medications were recommended according to clinical evaluation.

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