Complete Blood Count (CBC) test

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1. Objective
The objective of the Complete Blood Count (CBC) test was to evaluate the overall health and detect a variety of disorders, such as anemia, infection, inflammation, and blood cancers, by measuring different components of blood.

2. Principle
The test was based on the automated or manual quantification of blood cells (RBCs, WBCs, platelets) and the measurement of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red cell indices using electrical impedance, light scattering, or microscopy.

3. Materials
EDTA-anticoagulated whole blood sample
Automated hematology analyzer
Microscope (for manual differential)
Hemocytometer (if manual counting required)
Glass slides, cover slips, Wright’s or Giemsa stain
Gloves and PPE

4. Procedure (Automated method)
1. A venous blood sample was collected in an EDTA tube.
2. The sample was loaded into the hematology analyzer.
3. The analyzer performed measurements using methods like impedance and flow cytometry.
4. A peripheral blood smear was prepared and stained for manual differential count if flagged or abnormal values appeared.

5. Result

CBC test reported the following parameters:
- Hemoglobin (Hb): oxygen-carrying capacity
- Hematocrit (Hct/PCV): % of RBCs in blood
- RBC count: number of red blood cells
- MCV, MCH, MCHC: red cell indices
- WBC count: total white cell count
- Differential WBC count: % of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils
- Platelet count: number of platelets per microliter
- RDW, MPV: cell size variability and average platelet volume

6. Uses
Diagnosed anemia, infections, and leukemia
Monitored health during chronic illnesses
Screened for general health during routine checkups
Evaluated bone marrow function and response to therapy

7. Consultation
Abnormal values required clinical correlation. The patient was advised to consult a physician or hematologist. Further investigations like iron studies, vitamin B12 levels, or bone marrow biopsy were recommended based on findings.

© MediLab BD

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