Complete Blood Count (CBC) test

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1. Objective
The objective of the Complete Blood Count (CBC) test was to evaluate the overall health and detect a variety of disorders, such as anemia, infection, inflammation, and blood cancers, by measuring different components of blood.

2. Principle
The test was based on the automated or manual quantification of blood cells (RBCs, WBCs, platelets) and the measurement of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red cell indices using electrical impedance, light scattering, or microscopy.

3. Materials
EDTA-anticoagulated whole blood sample
Automated hematology analyzer
Microscope (for manual differential)
Hemocytometer (if manual counting required)
Glass slides, cover slips, Wright’s or Giemsa stain
Gloves and PPE

4. Procedure (Automated method)
1. A venous blood sample was collected in an EDTA tube.
2. The sample was loaded into the hematology analyzer.
3. The analyzer performed measurements using methods like impedance and flow cytometry.
4. A peripheral blood smear was prepared and stained for manual differential count if flagged or abnormal values appeared.

5. Result
CBC test reported the following parameters:
Hemoglobin (Hb): oxygen-carrying capacity
Hematocrit (Hct/PCV): % of RBCs in blood
RBC count: number of red blood cells
MCV, MCH, MCHC: red cell indices
WBC count: total white cell count
Differential WBC count: % of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils
Platelet count: number of platelets per microliter
RDW, MPV: cell size variability and average platelet volumes 

6. Uses
Diagnosed anemia, infections, and leukemia
Monitored health during chronic illnesses
Screened for general health during routine checkups
Evaluated bone marrow function and response to therapy

7. Consultation
Abnormal values required clinical correlation. The patient was advised to consult a physician or hematologist. Further investigations like iron studies, vitamin B12 levels, or bone marrow biopsy were recommended based on findings.

Here’s a standard reference range for Complete Blood Count (CBC) parameters in adults (values may vary slightly between laboratories):
Complete Blood Count (CBC) Reference Ranges

🔹 Hemoglobin (Hb)
Men: 13.5 – 17.5 g/dL
Women: 12.0 – 15.5 g/dL

🔹 Hematocrit (Hct, PCV)
Men: 41 – 53 %
Women: 36 – 46 %

🔹 Red Blood Cell Count (RBC)
Men: 4.7 – 6.1 ×10⁶/µL
Women: 4.2 – 5.4 ×10⁶/µL

🔹 Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)
80 – 100 fL

🔹 Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)
27 – 33 pg

🔹 Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)
32 – 36 g/dL

🔹 Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)
11.5 – 14.5 %

🔹 White Blood Cell Count (WBC / Total Leukocyte Count)
4,000 – 11,000 /µL

🔹 Differential White Cell Count
Neutrophils: 40 – 70 % (2.0 – 7.0 ×10⁹/L)
Lymphocytes: 20 – 45 % (1.0 – 4.0 ×10⁹/L)
Monocytes: 2 – 10 % (0.2 – 1.0 ×10⁹/L)
Eosinophils: 1 – 6 % (0.02 – 0.5 ×10⁹/L)
Basophils: 0 – 1 % (0.02 – 0.1 ×10⁹/L)

🔹 Platelet Count (Thrombocytes)
150,000 – 400,000 /µL

🔹 Mean Platelet Volume (MPV)
7.5 – 11.5 fL

📌 Note:
Values differ for children, newborns, and pregnancy.
Each lab may have slightly different reference ranges based on their equipment and population.

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