EAGLES EYE UPDATE

Centrifugation is a laboratory technique used to separate the components of whole blood based on their density by spinning the sample at high speed. When whole blood is placed in a centrifuge, its components form distinct layers:⁣ ⁣ 𝟏. 𝐏𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐦𝐚 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐏𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐭𝐬 (𝐓𝐨𝐩 𝐋𝐚𝐲𝐞𝐫 – 𝟓𝟓%)⁣ Colour: Pale yellow⁣ Composition: Water, proteins, hormones, nutrients, waste products⁣ Platelets: Small cell fragments involved in blood clotting⁣ Reason for position: Least dense, so they rise to the top⁣ ⁣ 𝟐. 𝐖𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐞 𝐁𝐥𝐨𝐨𝐝 𝐂𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐬 (𝐌𝐢𝐝𝐝𝐥𝐞 𝐋𝐚𝐲𝐞𝐫 – 𝐁𝐮𝐟𝐟𝐲 𝐂𝐨𝐚𝐭)⁣ Colour: Thin whitish layer⁣ Composition: Leukocytes (neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils)⁣ Function: Defence and immunity⁣ Reason for position: Intermediate density⁣ ⁣ 𝟑. 𝐑𝐞𝐝 𝐁𝐥𝐨𝐨𝐝 𝐂𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐬 (𝐁𝐨𝐭𝐭𝐨𝐦 𝐋𝐚𝐲𝐞𝐫 – 𝟒𝟓%)⁣ Colour: Red⁣ Function: Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide⁣ Reason for position: Most dense, so they settle at the bottom⁣. ...

HEMATOLOGY I 1. Insufficient centrifugation will result in:  A. A false increase in hematocrit (Hct) value  B. A false decrease in Hct value  C. No effect on Hct value  D. All of these options, depending on the patient  2 . Variation in red cell size observed on the peripheral smear is described as :  A. Anisocytosis  B. Hypochromia  C. Poikilocytosis  D. Pleocytosis   3. Which of the following is the preferable site for bone marrow aspiration and biopsy in an adult?  A. Iliac crest  B. Sternum  C. Tibia  D. Spinous processes of a vertebra   4. Mean cell volume (MCV) is calculated using the following formula:  A. (Hgb ÷ RBC) × 10  B. (Hct ÷ RBC) × 10  C. (Hct ÷ Hgb) × 100  D. (Hgb ÷ RBC) × 100  5. What term describes the change in shape of erythrocytes seen on a Wright’s-stained peripheral blood smear?  A. Poikilocytosis  B. Anisocytosis  C. Hypochromia...

Cholesterol, a waxy substance that builds in the arteries is not completely harmful, despite its reputation for being bad for you. In fact, some of it can even improve your health when consumed in the right amounts.  There are two types: high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). As a general rule, HDL is considered “good” cholesterol, while LDL is considered “bad.” This is because HDL carries cholesterol to your liver, where it can be removed from your bloodstream before it builds up in your arteries. LDL, on the other hand, takes cholesterol directly to your arteries. This can result in atherosclerosis, a plaque buildup that can even cause heart attack and stroke. Read Also: MonkeyPox Overview   Extremely Rare Blood Type Discovered   Scientific Reason Why Body Count Matters  Triglycerides make up the third component of cholesterol and act as unused calories that are stored as fat in the blood. Eating more calories than you burn ca...

Cleaning - Wash glassware with mild soap and warm water - Use a soft-bristled brush to remove stubborn residue - Rinse thoroughly with distilled water - Dry with a lint-free cloth or let air dry Storage - Store glassware in a dry, clean area - Avoid stacking glassware to prevent chipping or breakage - Use a glassware rack or storage cabinet - Keep glassware away from chemicals and extreme temperatures Avoiding Contamination - Handle glassware with clean, dry hands - Avoid touching rim or mouth of glassware - Use a clean, dry cloth to wipe down glassware - Avoid sharing glassware between different substances or experiments Read More: Listeriosis URINALYSIS Urine Formation Preventing Breakage - Handle glassware with care to avoid chipping or cracking - Avoid extreme temperature changes - Use a rubber or silicone mat to cushion glassware - Label glassware to prevent mix-ups Inspection and Maintenance - Regularly inspect glassware for chips, cracks, or damage - Replace damage

 🩺🔬 ♦️ `Blood Tests:` 1. CBC  - Complete Blood Count 2. BMP  - Basic Metabolic Panel 3. TSH - Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone 4. FBS  - Fasting Blood Sugar 5. LDL - Low-Density Lipoprotein (Cholesterol) 6. HDL - High-Density Lipoprotein (Cholesterol) 7. INR  - International Normalized Ratio (Blood Clotting) 8. PT - Prothrombin Time (Blood Clotting) 9. PTT - Partial Thromboplastin Time (Blood Clotting) 10. U/A  - Urinalysis ♦️ `Imaging Tests:` 1. CT - Computed Tomography (Scan) 2. MRI - Magnetic Resonance Imaging 3. XRAY - Radiography 4. ECHO - Echocardiogram 5. USG - Ultrasonography 6. PET - Positron Emission Tomography 7. MRA - Magnetic Resonance Angiography 8. MRAA - Magnetic Resonance Angiography of the Aorta ♦️ `Cardiovascular Tests:` 1. ECG  - Electrocardiogram 2. Holter - 24-hour Holter Monitor (Heart Rhythm) 3. Stress Test - Treadmill Test (Exercise Electrocardiogram) 4. Echo Stress - Stress Echocardiogram 5. CABG ...

Salmonella  is a genus of bacteria that includes various species, many of which can cause food poisoning and other illnesses in humans. Detecting Salmonella in clinical or food samples often involves a combination of biochemical and molecular tests.  Biochemical tests can help identify the presence of Salmonella by examining specific metabolic reactions and characteristics of the bacteria. Here are some commonly used biochemical tests for Salmonella detection: Read Also: -  What Is The Difference Between Good And Bad Cholesterol? -  List Of Some Medical Tests And Abbreviation - Six Keys Reasons Knowing Your Genotypes Matter Gram Staining : While not specific to Salmonella, Gram staining can be an initial step to differentiate between Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Salmonella is Gram-negative. Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) Agar Test : Salmonella typically produces an acid  (yellow) butt and alkaline (red) slant with or without the production of g...