Complete Blood Count

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This infographic provides a comprehensive overview of a Complete Blood Count (CBC), a standard blood test used to evaluate overall health. It breaks down the components of blood into three main categories: Red Blood Cells (RBCs), White Blood Cells (WBCs), and Platelets.

1. RBC Parameters (Oxygen Transport)
These values measure the health and quantity of red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body.
RBC Indices (Cell Morphology)
These indices help doctors determine the cause of anemia by looking at the size and hemoglobin content of individual cells:
 * MCV (80–100 fL): Mean Cell Size. Small cells (low MCV) may indicate iron deficiency.
 * MCH (27–33 pg): Amount of hemoglobin per cell.
 * MCHC (32–36 g/dL): Concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of packed red cells.

2. WBC Parameters (Immune Response)
White blood cells are the body's primary defense against infection and inflammation.
 * Total WBC Count: 4,000 – 11,000/µL
 * Differential Count (Breakdown of types):
   * Neutrophils (40–75%): Respond to bacterial infections.
   * Lymphocytes (20–45%): Vital for viral defense and antibody production.
   * Monocytes (2-10%): Help break down bacteria.
   * Eosinophils (1–6%): Active during allergic reactions or parasite infections.
   * Basophils (0–1%): Involved in inflammatory responses.

3. Platelet Parameters (Clotting)
Platelets are responsible for blood coagulation to prevent excessive bleeding.
 * Platelet Count: 150,000 – 450,000/µL.
 * MPV (7–11 fL): Mean Platelet Volume; measures the average size of platelets.
Clinical Significance & Logistics
The infographic highlights how to interpret abnormal results:
 * Low Hb: Indicates Anemia.
 * High WBC: Suggests Infection or Inflammation.
 * Low Platelets: Increases Bleeding Risk.
 * Low RBC Indices: Helps categorize the Type of Anemia.
Technical Notes:
 * Tests are typically performed using Automated Hematology Analyzers.
 * Blood is collected in tubes containing EDTA Anticoagulant (usually purple-top tubes).
 * A Peripheral Smear (microscopic review) is often used to confirm automated results.

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