Hematocrit (Hct) Test , Packed Cell Volume

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1. Objective
The objective of the test was to determine the percentage of red blood cells (RBCs) in a given volume of blood, which helped assess anemia, polycythemia, and hydration status.

2. Principle
The principle of the hematocrit test was based on the separation of blood components by centrifugation. When anticoagulated blood was centrifuged, red blood cells settled at the bottom, plasma remained at the top, and a thin buffy coat of white blood cells and platelets appeared in between. The packed cell volume (PCV) was measured as a percentage of the total blood volume.

3. Materials
• Capillary tubes (heparinized or plain)
• Anticoagulated blood (EDTA)
• Microhematocrit centrifuge
• Clay sealant
• Ruler or hematocrit reader
• Gloves
• Disinfectant
• Lancet (if using finger prick)

4. Procedure (Microscopic Method)
1. Capillary tubes were filled up to 75% with well-mixed anticoagulated blood.
2. One end of each tube was sealed with clay.
3. The tubes were placed in the microhematocrit centrifuge with sealed ends facing outward.
4. The tubes were centrifuged at 10,000–12,000 rpm for 5 minutes.
5. After centrifugation, the layers of blood were observed under proper lighting.
6. The length of the packed RBC column was measured and compared to the total length of the blood column (RBC + buffy coat + plasma) using a hematocrit reader or ruler.
7. Hematocrit value was calculated as:
Hct (%) = (Height of RBC column / Total height of blood column) × 100

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5. Result
The hematocrit value was recorded as a percentage.
For example:
• Male: 42–52%
• Female: 37–47%
• Newborn: 53–65%
Any deviation was interpreted in relation to clinical symptoms.

6. Uses
• It was used to evaluate anemia or polycythemia.
• It helped detect dehydration or fluid overload.
• It was useful in monitoring treatment progress in blood disorders.
• It assisted in determining blood loss severity.

7. Consultation
If the hematocrit value was found to be abnormal, the patient was advised to consult a hematologist or physician. Further tests like hemoglobin level, RBC count, and iron studies were recommended based on findings.


© Mr Adedeji Adeyanju via WhatsApp 

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