π—™π—Ÿπ—¨π—œπ—— 𝗒𝗙 π—–π—›π—’π—œπ—–π—˜

1. Diarrhea β†’ Ringer’s Lactate (RL)
Rationale:  
πŸ”΄Diarrhea leads to loss of both water and electrolytes, especially bicarbonate, causing metabolic acidosis.  
πŸ”΄RL contains lactate, which is converted to bicarbonate in the liver, helping correct the acidosis.  
πŸ”΄RL also closely resembles extracellular fluid, making it ideal for volume replacement.


2. Vomiting β†’ Normal Saline (NS)
Rationale:  
πŸ”΅Vomiting causes loss of hydrogen ions (HCl) from the stomach, leading to metabolic alkalosis.  
πŸ”΅NS (0.9% NaCl) helps restore chloride and sodium, which helps the kidneys excrete bicarbonate, correcting the alkalosis.


3. Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS) β†’ Albumin
Rationale:  
🟑HRS is a functional renal failure in advanced liver disease.  
🟑Albumin, a colloid, expands plasma volume and helps improve renal perfusion by increasing oncotic pressure, especially when combined with vasoconstrictors.


4. Sepsis β†’ Crystalloids
Rationale:  
🟣Early goal-directed therapy in sepsis includes aggressive fluid resuscitation.  
🟣Crystalloids (e.g., NS or balanced solutions like RL) are first-line due to wide availability and cost-effectiveness.  
🟣Helps correct hypovolemia and maintain tissue perfusion.


5. With BT (Blood Transfusion) β†’ Normal Saline (NS)
Rationale:  
🟒NS is isotonic and does not cause hemolysis of red blood cells.  
🟒RL contains calcium, which can bind to citrate in stored blood, potentially causing clotting, so it's avoided.


6. Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) β†’ Normal Saline (NS)
Rationale:  
🟀Initial fluid of choice is NS to correct hypovolemia and electrolyte loss.  
🟀Once blood glucose reaches around 200–250 mg/dL, fluids may be changed to 5% dextrose with 0.45% saline.


7. Sweating β†’ Β½ Normal Saline (0.45% NaCl)
Rationale:  
βšͺSweat loss is hypotonic, leading to hypernatremia.  
βšͺΒ½ NS is also hypotonic, which helps gently lower serum sodium and replenish lost fluid.


8. Head Injury β†’ Hypertonic Saline (HS) > Normal Saline (NS)
Rationale:  
⚫Hypertonic saline (e.g., 3% NaCl) reduces intracranial pressure (ICP) by drawing fluid out of the brain via osmosis.  
⚫NS can be used, but HS is preferred in raised ICP scenarios.

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