EAGLES EYE UPDATE

1. Definition : Sickle Cell Anemia is a genetic blood disorder characterized by the production of abnormal hemoglobin, called hemoglobin S. This causes red blood cells to take on a rigid, sickle-like shape, impairing their ability to carry oxygen and move through blood vessels. 2. Causes: • Genetic Mutation: Caused by a mutation in the HBB gene that encodes for hemoglobin. • Inheritance Pattern: It follows an autosomal recessive pattern: • A person must inherit two defective genes (one from each parent) to develop the disease. • If one defective gene is inherited, the person has sickle cell trait, which generally does not cause symptoms but can be passed on to children. 3. Symptoms: • Chronic Anemia: The body struggles to produce enough red blood cells to replace those lost through hemolysis, leading to fatigue, weakness, and pallor. • Pain Crises: Severe pain, often referred to as a vaso-occlusive crisis, occurs when sickled cells block blood flow to organs or tissues. It ...

Introduction ➖The brain of a human being is the central organ of the nervous system. ➖The human brain consists of three parts namely the cerebrum, the brainstem and the cerebellum. ➖The brain of a human being plays significant role, as it controls most of the activities of the human body. ➖The brain is located inside the head, and protected by the skull bones. ➖The brain consists of more than 86 billion neurons and almost equal number of other cells as well. ➖Brain activity is made possible because of the interconnections of all the neurons that are linked together. ➖The study of brain functions is known as neuroscience. ➖An adult human brain weighs about 1.2 to 1.4 kg (i.e. average weight); which is about 2% of the total body weight. Parts of Human Brain ➖A human brain is primarily classified as the − ➭ Forebrain ➭ Midbrain ➭ Hindbrain ➖Forebrain is largely made up of cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus and pineal gland. ➖Midbrain is largely made up of a portion of the brains...

It is a myth that sunlight provides us vitamin D or vitamin D is present in sunlight. The fact is vitamin D is synthesized in plants, animals and humans in presence of sunlight. There are two types of vitamin D - vitamin D2 (Ergocalciferol) present in plants including ergot and mushrooms and vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol) in animals. Vitamin D2 (Ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol) are synthesised in presence of ultraviolet light (UV) of sunlight as given below. In plants, the ergo-calciferol (vitamin D2) is derived from UV irradiation of ergosterol (a kind of sterol present in plants). In animals and humans, when skin is exposed to sunlight, chole-calciferol (vitamin D3) is produced in skin by UV irradiation of 7-dehydro-cholesterol (a kind of cholesterol present in animals and humans). Sunlight triggers the first of three chemical reactions that converts an inactive compound in the skin into active vitamin D. Ultraviolet B rays from the sun convert a natural vit...

L-R Deputy Rector Academic, the beneficiary, Student Union President Kwara State Polytechnic, the beneficiary, and the Directorate of Students Affairs (DSA) of Kwara State Polytechnic . In the push by Leadership of National Association of Polytechnic Students ( NAPS) that no Students should drop out of School because of Finance , the Leadership of NAPS commence the second phase of School fees Support and  Food Items distribution yesterday 16th October 2024, two Students From Kwara State Polytechnic Ilorin were given 40 percent of their School fees likewise Food items in large quantities were distributed at Federal Polytechnic Bida Niger State,this second phase was  made  possible through  the donation From Dr. Segun Musa the CEO of Widescope Group International, Lagos State. NAPS Initiated this Projects in 2023 when it was discovered that lot of Final year Students in the Polytechnic are dropping out due to Financial Constraints to pay up their Final year...

What is H. pylori ? H. pylori is a Gram-negative, spiral-shaped bacterium that infects the stomach and duodenum (first part of the small intestine). Transmission : 1. Person-to-person contact 2. Contaminated food and water 3. Poor hygiene Infections and Diseases: 1. Gastritis (inflammation of the stomach lining) 2. Peptic ulcers (stomach and duodenal ulcers) 3. Gastric cancer 4. Duodenal cancer 5. MALT lymphoma (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma) Symptoms : 1. Abdominal pain 2. Nausea and vomiting 3. Bloating and gas 4. Loss of appetite 5. Weight loss Diagnosis : 1. Endoscopy with biopsy 2. Urea breath test (UBT) 3. Stool antigen test 4. Blood tests (serology) 5. Histology (tissue examination) Treatment : 1. Triple therapy: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) +

C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is a protein produced by the liver in response to inflammation, infection, or tissue damage. What does the CRP test measure? The CRP test measures the level of CRP in the blood, indicating the presence and severity of inflammation. Purpose of CRP test : 1. Diagnose infections (bacterial, viral, or fungal) 2. Monitor inflammation (e.g., arthritis, vasculitis) 3. Assess risk of cardiovascular disease 4. Monitor cancer treatment response 5. Detect autoimmune disorders (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis) Types of CRP tests: 1. Standard CRP (sCRP) 2. High-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) - more sensitive for cardiovascular risk assessment Interpretation of results : Normal range : 0-10 mg/L (varies by lab) Elevated levels : - Mild elevation (10-50 mg/L): minor inflammation or infection - Moderate elevation (50-100 mg/L): significant inflammation or infection - High elevation (>100 mg/L): severe inflammation, infection, or sepsis Limitations : 1. Non-specific (elevat...

Salmonella  is a genus of bacteria that includes various species, many of which can cause food poisoning and other illnesses in humans. Detecting Salmonella in clinical or food samples often involves a combination of biochemical and molecular tests.  Biochemical tests can help identify the presence of Salmonella by examining specific metabolic reactions and characteristics of the bacteria. Here are some commonly used biochemical tests for Salmonella detection: Read Also: -  What Is The Difference Between Good And Bad Cholesterol? -  List Of Some Medical Tests And Abbreviation - Six Keys Reasons Knowing Your Genotypes Matter Gram Staining : While not specific to Salmonella, Gram staining can be an initial step to differentiate between Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Salmonella is Gram-negative. Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) Agar Test : Salmonella typically produces an acid  (yellow) butt and alkaline (red) slant with or without the production of g...

Cissy Houston, acclaimed soul singer and mother of pop icon Whitney Houston, has died at the age of 91. Houston, a two-time Grammy winner who sang backup for Aretha Franklin and Elvis Presley,  died  in her New Jersey home while under hospice care for Alzheimer’s disease, her daughter-in-law Pat Houston told The Associated Press. The acclaimed gospel singer was surrounded by her family. “Our hearts are filled with pain and sadness. We lost the matriarch of our family,” Pat Houston said in a statement. She said her mother-in-law’s contributions to popular music and culture are “unparalleled.” “Mother Cissy has been a strong and towering figure in our lives. A woman of deep faith and conviction, who cared greatly about family, ministry, and community. Her more than seven-decade career in music and entertainment will remain at the forefront of our hearts.” A church performer from an early age, Houston was part of a family gospel act before breaking through in popular music i...