Eagles eye: Breaking News: Bomb blast in Catholic Church, Kano...

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Eagles eye: Breaking News: Bomb blast in Catholic Church, Kano...: A bomb blast at St Charles Catholic Church, Kano on Sunday morning has killed five worshipers. Eight others, including security men were in...

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Hematocrit (Hct) Test , Packed Cell Volume

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1. Objective The objective of the test was to determine the percentage of red blood cells (RBCs) in a given volume of blood, which helped assess anemia, polycythemia, and hydration status. 2. Principle The principle of the hematocrit test was based on the separation of blood components by centrifugation. When anticoagulated blood was centrifuged, red blood cells settled at the bottom, plasma remained at the top, and a thin buffy coat of white blood cells and platelets appeared in between. The packed cell volume (PCV) was measured as a percentage of the total blood volume. 3. Materials • Capillary tubes (heparinized or plain) • Anticoagulated blood (EDTA) • Microhematocrit centrifuge • Clay sealant • Ruler or hematocrit reader • Gloves • Disinfectant • Lancet (if using finger prick) 4. Procedure (Microscopic Method) 1. Capillary tubes were filled up to 75% with well-mixed anticoagulated blood. 2. One end of each tube was sealed with clay. 3. The tubes were placed in the micr...
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Stool Culture Test

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  1. Objective : The objective of the stool culture test was to isolate and identify pathogenic bacteria in a patient's fecal sample, particularly those causing gastrointestinal infections. 2. Principle: The test was based on the cultivation of stool specimens on selective and differential media to promote the growth of enteric pathogens while inhibiting normal flora. Biochemical and serological methods were then used to identify specific organisms. 3. Materials: • Fresh stool sample • Sterile stool collection container • Inoculating loop • Culture media: MacConkey agar, XLD agar, SS agar, Selenite F broth • Incubator (35–37°C) • Biochemical test kits (TSI, SIM, Citrate, Urease, etc.) • Gram staining reagents • PPE (gloves, mask, lab coat) READ ALSO: Bleeding Time (BT) Test Urine Test General Macroscopic chemical 4. Procedure (Microbiological): 1. The stool sample was collected in a sterile container and transported promptly to the lab. 2. Using an inoculating loop, a p...
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Urine Test (General/Macroscopic, Chemical, and Microscopic Examination)

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Urine Test (General/Macroscopic, Chemical, and Microscopic Examination)  1. Objective: The objective of the urine test was to assess the physical, chemical, and microscopic characteristics of a urine sample to aid in the diagnosis of renal, metabolic, and systemic conditions. 2. Principle : The test was based on the analysis of urine through three components: • Physical examination for color, clarity, and volume • Chemical examination using reagent strips to detect substances like glucose, protein, ketones, etc. • Microscopic examination of centrifuged urine sediment to detect cells, crystals, and microorganisms 3. Materials : • Fresh urine sample in a sterile container • Urine reagent strip (dipstick) • Centrifuge and test tubes • Microscope and slides with cover slips • Glass rod or pipette • Gloves READ ALSO: Bleeding Time (BT) Test 4. Procedure: A. Physical Examination: 1. The color, clarity, and odor of the urine were noted. 2. The volume was measured i...
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Bleeding Time (BT) Test

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1. Objective : The objective of the Bleeding Time (BT) test was to evaluate the time taken for small blood vessels to stop bleeding after a standardized skin puncture, thus assessing platelet function and vascular integrity. 2. Principle : The test was based on the principle that bleeding time reflects platelet plug formation at the site of vascular injury. Any defect in platelet number, function, or vessel wall integrity prolonged the bleeding time. 3. Materials : Sterile lancet or bleeding time device Stopwatch Filter paper (Whatman No. 1) Sphygmomanometer Alcohol swab Ruler Cotton and adhesive bandage 4. Procedure (Duke’s Method or Ivy’s Method): (Ivy’s Method – more standard): 1. The patient’s forearm was cleaned and a blood pressure cuff was inflated to 40 mmHg. 2. A standardized incision (usually 5 mm long, 1 mm deep) was made on the volar surface using a lancet. 3. The stopwatch was started immediately. 4. Every 30 seconds, the blood was gently blotted with filter pa...
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Sickle Cell Test

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1. Objective The objective of the Sickle Cell Test was to detect the presence of Hemoglobin S (HbS), which caused sickle cell disease or sickle cell trait. The test aimed to screen or diagnose individuals who inherited the mutated beta-globin gene. 2. Principle The principle of the test was based on the fact that Hemoglobin S polymerized under low oxygen tension, causing red blood cells to become crescent or sickle-shaped. These abnormally shaped cells were detected microscopically (sickling test), through solubility tests, or by electrophoresis to differentiate hemoglobin types. 3. Materials • Anticoagulated blood sample (EDTA) • Sodium metabisulfite (for sickling test) • Microscope and glass slides • Hemoglobin electrophoresis equipment (for confirmatory test) • Solubility test reagent kit (for rapid screening) • Coverslips • Test tubes and pipettes • Gloves and safety equipment 4. Procedure (Microscopic Sickling Test) 1. A drop of the patient’s blood was placed on a clea...
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NANNM Issues 15-Day Ultimatum to FG on Nurses' Verification and Other Demands

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The National Association of Nigeria Nurses and Midwives (NANNM) has issued a 15-day ultimatum to the Federal Government of Nigeria to address the long-standing demands of Nigerian nurses.  This decision was made during the NANNM's National Executive Council meeting in Abuja on August 28, 2024. The association is seeking: 1. Immediate Reopening of Nurses' Verification Portal:  The NMCN, a parastatal of the Federal Ministry of Health, should reopen the verification portal to enable nurses to explore better opportunities, pursue further studies, and complete necessary tasks. 2. Enhanced Nurses' Salary Structure : Approval and implementation of an improved salary structure for nurses. Read Also: Nursing And Midwifery Council Portal Closure Leaves Nigerian Nurses Stranded, Unable to Pursue Overseas Opportunities Nurses Lament Closure Of NMCN Verification Portal Nigeria Nurses Abroad Faces Deportation 3. Creation of Department of Nursing : Establishment of a Departmen...
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Types of Anemia and hematology parameters

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iron definicy anaemia (microcytic hypocromic anaemia) ⬇️Hb ⬇️RBCs ⬇️Hematocrit ⬆️ESR ⬇️ MCH, MCV  ⬇️Transferin saturated ⬇️Feretin ⬆️total iron binding capicity Megaloplastic anaemia (macrocytic normochromic anaemia) ⬇️HB ⬆️ESR ⬇️RBCS ⬆️MCV Normal MCHC No reticlocyte  Hemolytic anemia (Normocytic normochromic anaemia) ⬇️HB ⬇️ RBCs Normal MCH, MCV  G6PD  (Normocytic normochromic anaemia) ⬇️Hb ⬇️ RBCs  Presence of heinz bodies Precense of bite cells Thalassemia (microcytic hypochromic anaemia) ⬇️HB ⬇️ RBCs  ⬇️ Hematocrit  ⬆️ESR Sicle cell anaemia (Normocytic normochromic anaemia) ⬇️HB ⬇️ RBCs  ⬇️ Hematocrit  ⬆️ESR Presense of HBs in electrophorses Presense of sicle cell on microscope Polycycemia ⬆️HB ⬆️RBCs ⬆️ Hematocrit  ⬆️Platelets ⬆️WBCs ⬆️uric acid ⬆️histamin ⬇️ESR
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