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Bacteria are microscopic organisms found everywhere – in soil, water, plants, animals, and humans. They are classified into two main groups based on the structure of their cell wall: Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This classification is done using a scientific method called Gram staining, which reveals specific characteristics of the bacterial cell wall. What is Gram Staining? Gram staining is a laboratory technique used to identify bacteria by staining their cell walls. The bacteria either appear purple or pink depending on their cell wall structure. Gram-Positive Bacteria Gram-positive bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan in their cell walls, which gives them strength and stability. These bacteria also contain teichoic acids, which help in cell wall maintenance. - Positivity : Gram-positive bacteria appear purple when stained with Gram stain. - Examples: - Staphylococcus aureus (can cause skin infections) - Streptococcus pneumoniae (can cause pn